Chrysanthemums and Impermanence

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This October, Hongwanji in Kyoto will hold the annual Hongwanji Chrysanthemum Exhibition from Monday, October 14 through Saturday, November 23. Within the temple grounds, you will see magnificent chrysanthemums carefully cultivated by enthusiasts from all over Japan. The peak season is late October. If you have the chance to visit Kyoto around that time, I encourage you to see these flowers. Their beauty is truly moving.

Chrysanthemums originated in ancient China, where they were cherished as the “flower of long life.” When they were introduced to Japan, they came to symbolize purity and nobility, and eventually were adopted as the crest of the Imperial Household. This is the Chrysanthemum Crest. Even today, it is printed on Japanese passports, making the chrysanthemum a flower that represents the nation itself.

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The crest of Hongwanji, however, is the wisteria crest (sagefuji). Yet in autumn, the temple is adorned with chrysanthemums, which are later offered at the National Memorial Service for All Members. They appear in white, yellow, and many other colors, and each flower carries feelings of gratitude to the Buddha, expressed through remembrance of those who have gone before us.

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Chrysanthemums have also spread to many parts of the world. In India, they are mainly grown in the northern regions as a winter flower, while marigolds—flowers that resemble chrysanthemums and thrive in heat and dry climates—are more often used for offerings. Bright garlands of marigolds are seen in temples, home altars, and also at funerals and memorials. In Europe, especially in Catholic countries, chrysanthemums are regarded as “flowers of remembrance” and are placed on graves during the days of prayer for the dead in November. In Latin cultures as well, during the Day of the Dead (Día de los Muertos), families and friends honor their loved ones with colorful flowers, including chrysanthemums. Just as chrysanthemums are offered in Japan and marigolds in India, both flowers are cherished as expressions of reverence for the sacred.

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Buddhism teaches us the truth of impermanence. Even the chrysanthemum, blooming in full splendor, is no exception. Yet the teaching of impermanence is not meant to leave us in sorrow. Rather, it shows us that because a flower’s life is limited, its fragrance and beauty stand out all the more, and we feel its preciousness deeply.

In the same way, the lives of those who have passed away shine in our hearts precisely because they lived their limited lives fully. As we remember them, we also become aware that we ourselves are being sustained here and now, and we renew our gratitude.

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Amida Buddha embraces each fleeting life just as itis and leads us to the Land of Bliss. As we gaze upon the chrysanthemums of autumn, may we reflect on impermanence and receive once again the boundless compassion of Amida Buddha.

Namo Amida Butsu.